| chloropicrin ** trichloronitromethane ** chlorpicrine ** PS ** Translations |
Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health
GENERAL INFORMATION
Description: A preplant soil fumigant used to control soil borne fungi, diseases and nematodes
Introduction: 1908
EC Directive 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Excluded from Annex 1 (Re-submitted) |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Italy |
| Date inclusion expires | 12/2012 |
Approved for use (√ ) or known to be used (#) in the following European countries:
|
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
ES |
FI |
FR |
GR |
HU |
IE |
|
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
|
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Also registered in: USA
General status:
| Pesticide type | Insecticide, Nematicide | |||
| Substance group | Unclassified | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Via vapour, exact mode of action is non-specific | |||
| CAS RN | 76-06-2 | |||
| EC number | 200-930-9 | |||
| CIPAC number | 298 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 081501 | |||
| Chemical formula | CCl3NO2 | |||
| SMILES | ClC(Cl)(Cl)[N+]([O-])=O | |||
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1/CCl3NO2/c2-1(3,4)5(6)7 | |||
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 164.37 | |||
| IUPAC Name | trichloronitromethane | |||
| CAS Name | trichloronitromethane | |||
| Other status information | Potential groundwater contaminant; Marine Pollutant | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | 8B | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Physical state | Colourless liquid | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property | Value | |||
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| UK LERAP status | None | |||
| Formulation and application details | Vapour releasing products that are usually applied with specialised injection equipment or hand-operatated equipment for small areas. | |||
| Property | Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information | Interpretation | |
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 10000 | A5 | High | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 500000 | A5 - Acetone | - | |
| 500000 | A5 - Ethanol | - | ||
| 500000 | A5 - Xylene | - | ||
| 500000 | A5 - Hexane | - | ||
| Melting Point (oC) | Not applicable | Q3 - freezes at -70 DegC | - | |
| Boiling Point (oC) | 114 | A5 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | Not highly flammable | A5 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 3.16 X 1002 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 2.5 | A5 - @ 25 degC | Low | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.66 | A5 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | Not applicable | A5 | - | |
| Note: No dissociation | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa) | 2670000 | A5 | Volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 4.38 X 1001 | A5 | Moderately volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless) | 1.80 X 10-02 | Calculated | Volatile | |
| GUS leaching potential index | 1.06 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (礸 l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate | Value | 2.38 X 10-03 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index | - | Calculated | Low | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | Neutral solution: 203.7nm = 1648, 274nm = 32; [Acidic solution: 204.4nm = 1512, 274.2nm = 28; [Basic solution: 275nm = 33 | A5 | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | 71.0 | A5 | - | |
Degradation:
| Property | Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information | Interpretation | |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 3 | A5 | Non-persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 7.2 | A5 | Non-persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | 3.0 | A5 | Non-persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | 38.8 | A5 | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| Note | EU dossier Lab studies DT50 3.7-21.8 days, field study DT50 0.48-5.6 days 2 soils; Other sources: DT50 1.0 day (DW3) | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | 1.3 | A5 | Moderately fast |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | Stable | W4 | Very persistent |
| Note | Stable pH 5 to pH 9 | |||
| Water-Sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property | Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information | Interpretation | |
| Linear | Kd | - | - | - |
| Koc | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | 0.66 | A5 | Mobile |
| Kfoc | 60.5 | |||
| 1/n | 0.91 | |||
| Notes and range | EU dossier Kf range 0.414-1.15, Kfoc range 24.9-122 mL/g, 1/n range 0.68-1.08, Soils=4 | |||
| pH sensitivity | No | |||
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation Medium / Rate | Estimated Maximum Occurrence Fraction | Metabolising Enzymes |
| dichloro(methyl)hydroxylamine | - | Soil leachate | - | - |
| chloroform | - | Soil | trace | - |
| chloromethane | - | Soil (Anaerobic) | trace | - |
| nitromethane | - | Soil (Anaerobic) | 0.03 | - |
| dichloronitromethane | - | Soil | - | - |
| Property | Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information | Interpretation | |
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF | - | A5 Low risk | - |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Bioaccumulation potential | - | Calculated | Low | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 250 | A5 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | 8 | A5 Rat | High |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 62.0 | A5 Colinus virginianus | High | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | 108 mg kg-1 | A5 Colinus virginianus | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.0048 | A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss | High | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 0.150 | A5 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.0025 | A5 Daphnia magna | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.030 | F3 Americamysis bahia | High | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | 0.014 | A5 Lemna minor | Moderate | |
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 0.00011 | A5 Raphidocelis subcapitata | High | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees - Acute 48 hour LD50 (礸 bee-1) | > 12.2 | A4 Inhalation | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | 37.8 | A5 Eisenia foetida | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50product ha EC50product ha NOECproduct ha % Effect |
100 | A5 Folsomia candida, % Mortality [Dose: 3 l ha-1] | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | 100 | Mortality Dose: 1350 kg ha-1 A5 Poecilus cupreus |
Harmful | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | Nitrogen mineralisation: Chronic effect [Dose: field rate] Carbon mineralisation: No significant effect [Dose: 5 x field rate] Bacterial populations: No significant effect |
A5 | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
General:
| Property | Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information | Interpretation | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 250 | A5 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | - | - | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.044 | A5 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.001 | A2 Rat, SF=100 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.001 | A2 Rat, SF=250 | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.002 | A2 Rat, SF=300, operator | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | 100 | A3 default | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | [LT TWA 8hr: 0.67 mg/m3] | (OES) EEC | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | [Bystander exposure unlikely based on typical patterns of use], [Minimal risk of dietary exposure] | ||
| Occupational | [Risk of exposure acceptable under label recommendations for use for personal protection clothing and equipment], [Risk of exposure by inhalation] | |||
| Examples of European MRLs (mg kg-1) | Value | All: 0.01 | ||
| Note | [A5 EU dossier proposals] For the EU pesticides database click here | |||
| Drinking Water MAC (g l-1) | 0.1 | EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=3 g/l; A5 | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects |
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× |
? |
- |
? |
| Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Eye irritant |
|
- |
- |
√ |
√ |
√ |
| General human health issues | [Highly toxic] | |||||||
√ : Yes, known to cause a problem
× : No, known not to cause a problem
? : Possibly, status not identified
- : No data
Handling issues:
| Language | Name |
| English | chloropicrin |
| French | chloropicrine |
| German | Chlorpikrin |
| Danish | chloropicrin |
| Italian | cloropicrina |
| Spanish | cloropicrina |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | klorpikrin |
| Polish | chloropikryna |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | chloorpikrine |
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